Cooperative Learning

COOPERATIVE LEARNING

Considering the many learning methods that can develop students skill. One example of a skill is speaking. in my opinion from student the weakness of speaking is in spelling section. According to (Doan Linh Chi, 2011) as cited in (Al Nakhalah, 2016)This study deals with Guidance for Learners' Improvement of Speaking Skills. Practice is considered an important part of language learning. Students are always encouraged to practice as much and as often as possible. However, some students do not know how to practice well and feel disappointed as practice does not always help them make much progress in their studies. Thus, as teachers, we should give them guidance on effective practice. This paper reports what and how guidance for practice should be provided for effective improvement of students’ speaking skills. Encouraging preliminary results show that a set of appropriate activities to practice speaking and good management of group work can enhance students’ speaking skills and increase their autonomy. For some students speaking is also a difficult subject but now there are many learning methods so that we can practice speaking. one of the learning methods is cooperative learning.

According to Stahl (in Etin, 2005: 4) that the cooperative learning model places students as part of a cooperative system in achieving the desired results optimal in learning. This learning model departs from the basic assumptions in community life, namely "getting better together". Lie (2008:18) The cooperative learning teaching system can defined as a structured group work or learning system. (Ii & Kooperatif, 2013) cooperative learning is that students are required to work together and responsible for completing the tasks given by the teacher, with maximize learning conditions in achieving learning objectives. Based on the above definition, it can be understood that cooperative learning is a learning process that involves several students to work together and are required to be responsible when completing the given task in order to get maximum results during learning. So students do not only sit passively, but students can also interact to channel their opinions during the cooperative process.

According to Johnson & Johnson's model, cooperative learning is instruction that involves students working in teams to achieve common goals. In order to achieve the desired result maximum, there are five elements in the cooperative learning model must be applied. The five elements are as follows:

1. Positive interdependence.

Fellow group members must rely on each other. Each group member contributes to completing the assigned task. Each group member must complement and take responsibility for each other.

2. Individual accountability

Each individual must know the material and be responsible for mastering the material to be studied for the success of the group.

3. Face-to-face promotive interaction.

Although some of the group work may be parceled out and done individually, some must be done interactively, with group members providing one another with feedback, challenging reasoning and conclusions, and perhaps most importantly, teaching, helping, supporting, applauding and encouraging one another in order to reach the group's goals.

4. Appropriate use of collaborative skills.

Coordinate student activities in achieving their goals. Students must know and trust each other, be able to communicate accurately and not be ambitious, accept and support each other.

5. Group processing

Team members set group goals, describe what member actions are helpful or not, periodically assess what they are doing well as a team, and identify changes they will make to function more effectively in the future. (Johnson & Johnson, 1999; Johnson, Johnson & Holubec, 1991; Kagan, 1994).

Based of the definition , cooperative learning have many advantages. Advantages using of cooperative learning, Cooperative learning is supported by one of the strongest research traditions in education. Students can become independent learning, students can learn how to learn alone in groups. This is very important as 'learn how to learn'. The most important thing is that cooperative learning provides students with various abilities to improve their cognitive, psychological and social performance, and thus, it is effective ways to deal with the problem of individual differences. In addition to having advantages, of course a method must have disadvantage. The disadvantages of cooperative learning there are , not all learning processes can use cooperative learning methods, such as learning mathematics. Cooperative learning methods also require a lot of time, therefore not all teachers have the enthusiasm to teach using cooperative learning methods.

So, you can conclusion Cooperative learning leads to learning carried out by teams of 4-6 students producing several types of products (such as: collection of problem solutions, laboratory or project reports, or product or process designs), elements of cooperative learning: (1) positive interdependence, (2) individual accountability, (3) face-to-face interaction for at least part of the work, (4) using skills proper interpersonal, and (5) orderly self-assessment of team functioning. Cooperative learning that is applied correctly leads to learning and development of good communication and teamwork skills.

Reference :

1. Al Nakhalah, A. M. M. (2016). Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 5(12), 96–101.

2. Ii & Kooperatif, 2013. (2013). (cooperative learning).

3. Slavin, R. E. (1980). Cooperative Learning. Review of Educational Research, 50(2), 315–342. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543050002315

4. Zakaria, E., Solfitri, T., Daud, Y., & Abidin, Z. Z. (2013). Effect of Cooperative Learning on Secondary School Students’ Mathematics Achievement. Creative Education, 04(02), 98–100. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2013.42014

 5. Felder, R., Felder, R. M., & Brent, R. (n.d.). Related papers Cooperat ive Learning In Technical Courses: Procedures, Pit falls, and Payoffs Peer rat ings in cooperat ive learning t eams Account ing for Individual Effort in Cooperat ive Learning Teams Cooperative Learning *.

6. II, B. (2003). A. Pembelajaran Kooperatif.Al Nakhalah, A. M. M. (2016). Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 5(12), 96–101.